Cross cultural communication Essay

There are six principals in cross-cultural communication. The first principal states that the greater the cultural difference the greater the chance is for the communication ti break down. The second principal says that when communication breakdowns occur during cross-cultural encounters, the breakdowns are most often attributed to cultural differences. The third principal states that communicating across cultures often leads people to be more conscious about their own communication. The fourth one states that cultures vary with respect to the number and kind of â€Å"do’s and taboos† that are required of its members. The fifth one states that a person should remember that learning what is normal in the culture the are communicating with helps you understand that group. The last principal states that as long as you see others as friendly and cooperative barriers will easily be broken down (Cheesebro, O’Connor, & Rios, Chapter Chapter 3, Cultural Diversity, 2010). I chose to write about Hispanics. There healthcare experience is similar to African American, which is my race. First there is the language barrier. They speak another language and it can sometimes be hard to explain things when there is not a translator present. Things get lost in translation. Another issue is that they don’t have healthcare. They don’t have insurance so they don’t go to a doctor and in turn they have poor health (Bzostek, Goldman, & Pebley, 2007). When it comes to communications, there are many barriers. Providers communicate differently when it comes to Hispanics. Studies have shown that when providers deal with the Spanish speaking patients they ask less open ended question and probes for patient understanding because of the language barrier (Mayo, Windsor, Sundarwaran & Crew 2007). A seconds study states that when providers relied on interpreters for communicating with their patients, but lack of availability of the interpreters and patient waiting were reported as barriers in using interpreters effectively (Mayo, Windsor, Sundarwaran & Crew 2007). This barrier led providers to turn to English speaking family n members and bilingual staff who made the communication dull (Mayo, Windsor, Sundarwaran & Crew 2007). In my opinion these are just some of the barriers that stand in between Hispanics and non-Hispanic providers. To me language is the most common one. When people have this barriere they are less likely to want to communicate because they don’t thing the other party will understand the message they are trying to send. So if they do communicate there will be a lack of enthusiasm and the message will not come across correctly. References Cheesebro, T., O’Connor, L., & Rios, F. (2010). Communicating in the Workplace. Retrieved from The University of Phoenix eBook Collection. Bzostek, S., Goldman, N., & Pebley, A. (2007, September). Why do Hispanics in the USA report poor health?. Social Science & Medicine, 65(5), 990 – 1003.

Life †Religion Essay

In my opinion, there is no specific meaning of life. There also is a part of me that thinks that life really doesn’t have a meaning at all. But, since I have to try to define life, I would have to say it’s a combination of things in your life that you are living for, or the purpose of you being on this earth. Everyone most likely has a different purpose for being alive. Whether it is family, school, or your career; those things have a lot of impact on your life and also decisions that you make throughout life. In our society, many families instill faith and morals early into their children’s lives by continuing traditions or practices of religious faith. The idea of faith and moral beliefs are instilled in a person by attending or participating in church activities and reading the Bible or other religious texts. When there is a sound moral foundation in a person’s life it may give them the motivation through faith to build a sound structure for their life or to achieve personal goals. Simply put, a person may believe through faith that it is possible to achieve an education, start a family, or to have a successful business or career because of their foundation in faith. The reason why I somewhat think that life really doesn’t have a meaning, is because no matter what anyone does or how well or righteous someone lives their life, in the end they still die. What happens after that? Nothing, you never come back nor will you have any recollection of what went on during your lifetime here on earth. A person can bust their behind in working doing good for the community and everything else and in the end you still end up in the same place as everyone else, good people or bad people, you die. Another reason why I believe life doesn’t have a meaning is because all of the people in this world have to suffer, they still go through pain, they have to watch loved ones die, they still have to go through heartache, and rough times. Being poor, homeless, and not having food for as single meal in the day. Where is the meaning in life when people have to wake up hungry or worry about where they will lay their head that night? I’d say there is none when you look at it from that perspective. In my opinion, the meaning of life is too complex for the human brain to comprehend. People tend to say that they know what the meaning of life is, but who really knows the answer. There are various opinions and schools of thought, however, most people can never and will never reach a clear understanding of what the meaning of life is. If there is meaning in life at all, then there must be meaning in suffering. †? Viktor E. Frankl. Frankl could not have said this quote any better, most people can say that they have found meaning in their life but at the same time, there are some people wondering if the only reason they are on this earth is to suffer on a daily basis throughout their entire lives.

Evidence Based Essay

Teaching in the twenty first century has become a major challenge for everyone involved with education. Not only do teachers have to worry about test scores and how to handle the multitude of differences when it comes to students. But, also making sure they have adequate documentation to support all the differences and education they are supplying. When adding the documentation and strategies to special education students it becomes even more difficult. However, using strategies that align with Common Core can easily engage and participate those that are special education students and have them become successful. Now that our country has moved more and more towards Common Core instruction it is important that teachers do not lose those that are struggling to learn. Adding the toughness and rigor of Common Core easily complicates this situation. As teachers we need to learn to adapt to the changing curriculum and engage our students in a way that they can still learn through the Common Core instruction. One way to do this is through using a variety of assessments. Variety of assessments allows teachers free range how to assess their children based on their learning styles. This can be done by using either formative or informative assessments. Formative assessments is a process used by teachers and students during instruction that provides feedback to adjust ongoing teaching and learning to improve students’ achievement of intended instructional outcomes (Dodge,2012). When we use formative assessments it is allowing us to see exactly the areas of need/improvement, as well as the areas of strength. This is wonderful because it allows teachers the opportunity to then re-teach students based off their areas of need. When we are teaching math it is important that we try to keep the lessons as actively engaging as possible. Math tends to be a  big struggle for many special education students. The more Common Core is pushed on students the more they feel as though they might not have the ability to learn. Therefore, using an inquiry and student learning model can benefit those who struggle with math. The inquiry and student learning model is where the teaching is put back on the students in the role of hands-on inquiry (Hertz, 2013). The teacher does the modeling and the students then do the work with each other and explain the process. This really allows the teacher ample time to observe and go work with students and grab data that might not be possible. While this is happening, the children are actually having fun and they are learning! Another way to engage children with Common Core is during reading and language arts instruction. Teaching children to read is the foundation for educational success. In order to get kids engaged in learning we need to make it fun and have the students take value in what they are doing. Reading is a wonderful subject, when done correctly, the teacher can really make it fun. Having students go through a topic or core for the day and then focusing differentiated hands-on centers will really allow the students to use what they are learning more effectively. Instead of students reading in a group and then doing worksheets, they are actually putting letters together using letter cubes or play –doh. Taking the concept they just learned about and making it into their own writing story. These are activities that children love and remain engaged in and what classrooms should be doing. Another way to ensure learning is taking place for all students is making sure that the space is free of any safety concerns for those who have physical or health limitations. Physically handicapped students are aware of the fact that they are physically different that most others and that there are certain things they cannot do (Watson 2011). Therefore, it is up to the teachers to set a positive image from the beginning. This will limit the amount of talking and self-esteem crushing that can take place in the classroom. It is also important for the teacher to set up the room before any children come in, so the environment is already positively set. Making sure that the room and areas are de-cluttered, and there is a defined area for a wheelchair to get through can make a big difference in how a physically challenged student feels. It is also important to let all involved with the disabled student, what the plans are in case of emergencies, such as; fire drills or a lock-down  situation. Teachers need to do their jobs to ensure the safety of all students disabled or not. Students that enter a classroom and are physically disabled, usually have some fine or gross motor skill issues. These issues can be worked on through an occupational therapist, but also need to be reinforced when the occupational therapist is not in the room. When it comes to cutting or using a scissors the teacher should find out if the student benefits from a hand over hand assist or the use of a specialized scissors to complete the task. Knowing how severely the student’s handwriting is effected is also a very important thing to note. If the student has extremely poor motor skills and writing is not an option, then the teacher needs to look into getting a communication device that will do the typing and written work for the student. It is also beneficial to know how much self-help the child needs. Does the child need help going to the bathroom and washing their hands, or zipping up a coat? These are all questions that can decline the amount of frustration on a teacher before the student is even in the classroom. Using all of these strategies can really help and cut down on any behavioral issues that can arise when a student becomes frustrated and overwhelmed by the amount they are not able to do. Since physically handicapped children have many issues to sort out, it might become overwhelming for them and they might not be able to socialize correctly or discuss how they are feeling. When this happens they need the support and strategies to help them work through their feelings. Teachers might have the students engage in a social skills group with only four or five other students. The one leading the group can focus on different social issues; such as; embarrassment, bullying, feeling left out. Even if the disabled child is unable to talk, they can bring their assistive technology to help them participate. Role-playing can also be a huge positive for everyone. Many times children do not know and understand what it is like to be physically handicapped and not have the ability to run and play soccer. So, when the shoe is on the other foot in a role-playing mode the students can then begin to see how much the disabled child is affected. Social skill interventions start with accurate diagnosis and continue by allowing students to practice positive social interactions in a step-by-step, decision-by-decision fashion (Beelmann, Pfingsten, & Losel, 1994). Teaching children is an art form. It is something that cannot be explained and truly  understood until others have walked in those shoes. All teachers can do is hope that we are using strategies effectively and communicating accurately to reach the needs of all the students, whether they are disabled or not. By using strategies and accommodations we are opening the door of possibilities and one that will benefit all that are involved not just the ones who qualify for those strategies and accomm odations. References Beelmann, A., Pfingsten, U., & Losel, F. (1994). Effects of training social competence in children: A meta-analysis of recent evaluation studies. Journal of Clinical Child Psychology, 23(3), 260-271. Dodge, J (2012). Tips for using formative assessments to help you differentiate instruction and improve student achievement. Retrieved fromhttp://www.scholastic.com/teachers/article/what-are-formative-assessments-and-why-should-we-use-them Hertz, M (2013). Common Core Standard: Third Grade Math Strategies. Retrieved from http://www.edutopia.org/blog/ccss-3rd-grade-math-strategies-mary-beth-hertz Watson, S (2011). Physically Handicapped Students. Retrieved from http://specialed.about.com/od/physicaldisabilities/a/physical.htm

The Laws of Nature Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

The Laws of Nature - Essay Example These laws form the backbone of the moral structure of the society hence can supersede any law made by man. Â  Natural laws are also referred to as the laws of nature. They are universal since they were there before the existence of human beings, hence, determined by nature. Classically, natural laws refer to using construct reasoning in analyzing the nature of human either personal or social to deduce any rules that are binding on moral behavior from it. Natural laws and positive laws are laws put into the construct in a certain society, state or political community. Natural laws can be put forth to criticize decisions of the judiciary on whether the law states, but not in criticizing the best interpretation of the law itself. Â  Even though, many times, natural laws are always confused with common laws but the two are different and distinct. Natural law is a view that a given set of values or rights is universally cognizant by virtues of human nature or human reasoning and by that inherent. On the other hand, common laws are the legal tradition where certain human values and rights are cognizable legally by virtue of articulation or judicial recognition. The theories of natural laws have however exercised a great influence on the English common laws development and have been featuring the philosophies of Thomas Aquinas, Richard hooker, Thomas Hobbes among other philosophers4. Â  Classical natural law - There are indeed some valid standard and truth of human rights and conducts in philosophy as stated by Plato. In his writing, Plato found out that by nature, naturally, both the selfish and the strong should prevail over those who are weak and weaken themselves by care for other people or promises or responsibilities.

Literary Exercise Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Literary Exercise - Assignment Example Here is the message that goes in favor of internet advertising. â€Å"The idea is based on consumers themselves taking the initiative by showing up voluntarily and interacting with what they find online.†(Internet†¦) This is an important gain and the seller has won the first round of the exercise, by arresting the considered attention of the customer. Online advertising is helpful to create a brand and to sustain the merits of the branded products. Quality of the product and the performance- based market go to solidify the foundation of the branded products. Not all products are suitable for online advertising. Some products like mortgages, cars etc. can exclusively sell through online marketing as the individual intent on purchasing will make the detailed shopping search through a search engine to judge the merits of several competing products. With online advertising and marketing one develops the type of intimacy which is not possible through the exposure in the established mass media. In the former case, the connection is more personal and in the latter case it is impersonal. Mere presence of online advertisements and messages leaves an imprint in the minds of the customers and the companies get better returns on their advertising budgets as compared to print and electronic media. Louisa Ha (2008) in article, â€Å"Online Advertising Research in Advertising Journals: A Review,† writes, â€Å"†¦. [suggests) five advantages of online advertising: 1) Awareness efficiency 2) easy to locate, 3) contact efficiency 4) conversion efficiency and 5) retention efficiency. Advertising influences sales in a peculiar style as the relationship between advertisements and revenues is a two-way traffic. The companies decide their budget on the basis of a fixed percentage of sales, which means, the more is the willingness of the company to spend on advertisement, when

BLOG Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

BLOG - Coursework Example In the revolutionary arena of geopolitics, it is evident that inclusion of S.A in BRICS will make America feel that it has been denied what they perceive to be rightfully theirs. The economic and political acrimony between China, America and other incumbent powers such as Japan and Germany will unquestionably intensify since the surmounting of china’s economic and military strength is considered a threat to global peace and tranquility. The continued animosity between America and China, two contending superpowers, will worsen due to the inordinate influence that china is acquiring in Africa. America might stop backing African states during hard times as well as minimize its diplomacy and trade cooperation with china, a factor that will deleteriously impact on the strength of the BRICS. Moreover, America might syndicate several G-20 states and form an economic organization that will counter the prevalent and predominant effects of the BRICS in S.A and the whole of Africa. Likewise, Russia will diversify its investment to acquire new ways of powering its economic engine and gain power over America, its major rival, and possibly dominate the BRICS. The frivolous G8 and G20 might eventually collapse, due to the animosity between America and China as they both scuffle for the control of the already acquired S.A. Other BRICS members might also invite their friends into the union to counter the undue influence that China is striving to obtain. Ultimately, the BRICS might grow or collapse; only time will

Critique of Thomas Friedman's Article It's a Flat World, After All Term Paper

Critique of Thomas Friedman's Article It's a Flat World, After All - Term Paper Example The author started the article with the explanation of the various globalisation eras. According to the author, globalization has been categorized into three phases. The first period of globalization was from 1492 to 1800. During this period, globalization of world resources helped in shrinking the world from large to medium size (Headrick, 2000). The second phase of globalization was from 1800 to 2000 where the world shrunk from medium to small, as a result of globalization of labour and market forces. The third phase of globalization which started from 2000 has seen a drastic shift in the driving forces. It is a comprehensive mix where not only the big players but smaller enterprises are also influencing the globalisation process (Webster, 2005). Most of the parts of first and second globalisations were motivated by American and European economies and countries. But in case of third globalisation phase, it is mostly influenced by individuals and diversified businesses. When the aut hor is saying that the world is flat, he signifies that innovation can take place without emigration. The author has sarcastically explained the idea of cross-cultural businesses and the emergence of new IT hubs such as India. The first part of the article is an eye-opener. It clearly explains the current situation where the Americans and other western countries are no longer the only influencing forces. Today, the western countries are competing with the eastern counterparts. Earlier, even after having required skills and knowledge, employees and workers from developing countries were left out in terms of proper opportunities. With the advent of globalisation, the scenario has changed and so are the available options. In the second phase, the author describes the various forces that helped in flattening the world. In the year 1989 the Berlin Wall came down. According to author and many other eminent writes, this was the first mark of globalisation (Gang, Rivera-Batiz and Yun, 2010) . As the fall of the Berlin wall symbolised economic freedom for Germany in the year 1995, Netscape was announced public.  

Use of military drones in civilian operations and law enforcement and Research Paper

Use of military drones in civilian operations and law enforcement and the impact this will have in regards to the 1st and 4th Amendments of the United States - Research Paper Example In addition, their deployment assists in preventing â€Å"boots on the ground† war, hence making the US safer (Boon & Lovelace, 2014). Opponents on the other hand claim that drones lead to the emergence of more terrorists than the ones they kill. They further argue that drone strikes murder large numbers of innocent civilians, violating international law, are not under adequate congressional supervision, grossly infringes on the sovereignty of other countries in addition to making the terrors of war look as harmless as a video game(Mathews,2013). The most popular form of Unmanned Combat Aerial Vehicles (UCAVs)-which basically are Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) armed with combat abilities-is the General Atomics MQ-1 Predator. Predators were for the first time deployed to Afghanistan nearly instantly after the terrorists attacks of Sept.11, 2001.In addition, predators carried out their initial ever armed operation in 7th October 2001 in Afghanistan. The General Atomics MQ-9 Reaper, which is a bigger UCAV, has the capability of hauling a higher payload and has been in service from 2007. The Joint Special Operation Command (JSOC) and CIA are presently jointly administering the current program. These drones are usually deployed in such countries as Yemen, Somali and Pakistan. Strikes in Pakistan for instance have been happening from 2004 and intensified in pace from the beginning of 2008 summer. Apart from a Yemen strike in November 2002, the Yemen and Somalia campaigns started in 2011.In addition, there have been accounts of st rikes occurring in the Philippines, however, the information there is unclear. Additionally, there have done that have been deployed in Iraq, Afghanistan and Libya as part of America’s more conservative military operations in those nations (Boon & Lovelace, 2014). Predator drones are capable of carrying up to 2 Hellfire missiles, having warheads of around 20 pounds,

Book Banning Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Book Banning - Essay Example Book banning comes about apparently when there are obscene comments and images embedded within these books. Then there is the important discussion of the books having viewpoints which are usually non-digestible by the public at large. Also this brings to mind the proposition of hate literature which is making the rounds of the global book regimes (Foerstel 2002). It essentially creates a sense of animosity amongst the people and asks of them to think from a much diluted stance. These perspectives are usually not appreciated by the society at large and since there is the quintessential talk of globalization these days, it is only reasonable to ban such books which stir emotions and behaviors of people in a negative way. Another reason for banning books is that they contain incorrect data and information which is unacceptable in a civilized society. Writing books is a much esteemed proposition and usually the writers penning down their memoirs or books are seen with an appreciable eye (Mann 2000). However when these same writers go overboard, then there is a need to address the concerns of the people (the educated lot) by banning such books in the first place. Banning such books is very legitimate because these are spreading falsified data within the people which cannot be allowed under any procedural routine. These books are usually not given credit within the world’s most trusted book publishing companies and agencies, as well as disallowed sale on the book stores all around the world. To ban a book, there is a very important pre-requisite that someone must challenge the book as regards to its content or imagery. This challenge restricts materials which are not appreciated by a certain segment of the society or an individual who is indeed a part of that very society. If the book hurts the feelings of the people, there is a

History of Beer Essay Example for Free

History of Beer Essay Beer was probably discovered by accident, when some of the nomadic tribes of the Middle East decided to settle down to an agricultural life depending on the cultivation of grain. In times of plenty the excess might have been stored for a possible future period of failure. Due to the damp storage condition the grain might have sprouted and germinated in a desperate bid to salvage the crop they must have made porridge by boiling the sprouted grain with water. This must have released sugar into the liquid resulting in a sweet tasting porridge. This was probably left in open to cool allowing the natural yeast of the atmosphere to settle on the porridge forming alcohol or what was a crude wash. There is evidence that the brewing process was established in Babylon as early as 6000 B.C. The Egyptians improved upon this process, which was diffused along the trade routes by the Greeks the Romans. The Romans started brewing on a commercial basis to provide a substitute to wine. The term bear today covers all beer drinks such as ales, lagers stout. Beer gets it’s name from Anglo Saxon Word called â€Å"Beer† meaning â€Å"BARLEY†. Beer is the national alconolic beverage of Great Britain. Although the basic traditional method of brewing beer is still being used now the whole production process is controlled by the programme equipment so that each phase is carried out at the exact time required and can be corrected if necessary. By this centralised control, consistency of the brew from batch to batch is better.

Key Factors That Can Influence Management Styles Management Essay

Key Factors That Can Influence Management Styles Management Essay Management is described as what managers should do and what they need to do Cole, 2004. Good management keep people motivated, focused and productive since careless attitude are not permitted to excuse by customers (Daft, 2010). Managers have to control the company before knowing how to handle various situations by using different management styles. It is accepted that each style has its own features and when applied it will have different effects in different cultures. Therefore, it made a significant affect when use the most appropriate management styles at the most appropriate time. Briefly, the essay is concerned with identifying and discussing some factors that influence management styles, which will be greatly helpful for people especially managers to recognize the importance of management. Experts defined that management styles can be divided into three parts. The most common used in business are: Autocratic, Democratic, Laissez- faire management styles (Vugt et al, 2004). Autocratic is described as a style that lacking of democracy and decided by entrepreneurs. Democratic style seems to be significantly reversed from Autocratic style, managers and workers are equal and employees are more pleased and humbly to accept opinions by employers. In addition, managers work by rules. Therefore, Democratic style become the most popular styles that accepted by individuals (Yuan and Yi, 2010). Moreover, for Laissez- faire management styles, workers are freedom and managers are free to make a decision (Vugt et al, 2004). The essay tends to mainly focus on this three management styles because these styles are chooses by managers to control the enterprise in a large amount of cultures. After understanding the definition of management styles, figure out the factors would be a vital step. It is known that one key factor always influences one culture. Culture is relative to a group of people who has special characteristics in work place. The individual behavior is strongly influenced by the local culture. In addition, there is something that managers should be awareness in order to make a successful company and really understand different management styles. The rest of the essay will compare with the management styles in Norway, China and Japan and describe how different management styles influence in these countries. China is seen as a typical high-context culture country which included social and cultural conditions and have a greatly impact on communication (Laroche 2003 cited in Hestflatt 2005). Connecting in this type of business to China, the connection place, including environment, it is awareness that leadership is important and helpful to build the successful relationship between employees and employers. Chinese prefer to use an informal way to communicate and get a better understanding of the counterpart. For example, inviting counterparts to restaurant, sending gifts to counterparts and playing together in private home or public entertainment places are always a procedure to talk about the business and strengthen the relationship between each other. Owing to this kind of culture in China, in the management of China, the manager makes decisions by considering the groups behalf in authority and the lower workers have no useful methods to show their opinions. This decision making process i s hierarchy with thinking themselves is the most important, the counterpart is the second (Hestflatt, 2005). In general, China focus on Autocratic and Bureaucratic management styles, it means that collectivistic thinking is considered to be pervasive and hard to change, managers are the leaders who make the decision. In comparison, Norway representative a kind of low-context culture which included social and cultural conditions, and it have a greatly influence on circumstance (Laroche 2003 cited in Hestflatt 2005). Although people rely on particular data and connection between them, it works when individuals make decisions by using their own ideas instead of irrelevant messages. Norwegians prefer to work by rules (Hooker 2003 cited in Hestflatt 2005). A case in point is that in 1980s Norway, management were lack of authoritarianism which reflective strikes in workers (Hestflatt, 2005). As a result, it extremely changed the working environment in that ages and everyone fought for their rights. As well as this indicated that in the management process of Norway, managers focus on cooperation and consensus methods to make a decision. Thus, the concept of Democratic gradually transforms into Norway and is greatly accepted by people (Hestflatt, 2005). Compared Chinese management styles with Norway, leaders in Automatic styles made decisions when attached to their benefits, Chinese managers are a case in point. Conversely, as Vugt et al(2004) states that leaders of Democratic style will make decisions and cooperative with group members by using rules. As a result, Democratic style leaders improve the performance of employees better than the other one. Even though China use Automatic style, however, it is considerably appropriate for China. As we known, China is a country governed by party and government, if Chinese management styles separate from its national conditions instead of using Democratic style, decisions would not match the suitable process of the company and its economy could be decreased. Another culture is Japanese, a country which is near to China but has totally different cultures. Culpan (1993) stressed that Japanese companies are considered to be the worlds most successful ones in the world markets, and the harmonious relationship between managers and workers boost its success. An example of this is an expert uses a seven S model to explain that the concern in staff is one of the most vital styles which make Japanese companies mostly use. Similarity, its effective on goals are suitable for companies (Culpan,1993). Thus, it can be seen that the management style in Japan is Laissez- faire. As a result, stressing the importance of human resource management which including continuously communication between employees and employers make a significant to set goals in Japan. Comparing with all three cultures which are China, Norway and Japanese, two of them are focus on the importance of leadership and Japanese concentrate on goals. In fact, using harmonious type of human resource management mode is not only benefits the management measures, but also more effective to promote the enterprise culture. Thus, entirely different management styles which including Democratic and Laissez- faire are appropriately for capitalism. Conversely, it can be predict that Autocratic is suitable for communism. If using management strategy just by respect or expect the culture, it would get out of control by taking management measures and use of the management tools in enterprise differently. Therefore, staffs may different to recognize the target and measure the effective implementation. Also management performance will appear artificial barrier and management effort will take a greatly discount. It is obvious that the management styles among the three countries are completely different and the factors influenced them are various. However, cultural differences are the most vital factors influenced the management style and one factor suit for only one management style. The information about the business culture of each country is vital for the companies and individuals to be success. Admittedly, with the development of globalization, the trend of management style in each country has some similarities and absorbs the benefits of other countries. However, it is not permitted to completely apply different management styles to its own culture because it is not allowed by national situations. Thus, combine different management styles with its own cultures are alternative methods to solve the problem. Words: 1222

Sewage Treatment Essays -- essays research papers

Sewage Treatment Where does the wastewater go? When water goes down your sink or toilet, it travels through small pipes to much larger trunk sewers. The sewer systems are built to the slope of the ground around the Elbow and Bow Rivers. This slope allows most of the waste to go down by gravity, rather than expensive pumps, to one of four plants. To handle low areas, which do not have enough slope, pumping stations have been made. How is wastewater treated? Wastewater treatment in Calgary involves the following processes: Preliminary treatment: The water flow is slowed down to get the sand, gravel and other materials to settle out into grit tanks. The waste is then strained by bar screens, which remove large solid objects like sticks. All material collected by grit tanks and bar screens is washed and then taken to a landfill. Primary treatment: The screened water flows into settling tanks, allowing more solids to settle to the bottom of the tanks. Also at this stage, "scum" (oils and greases) are scraped off the top of the water. This is pumped to large tanks, for disposal. Secondary treatment: The half treated water then goes by gravity to covered aeration tanks where it is mixed with "activated sludge" which contains aerobic bacteria. The bacteria eat the organic things remaining in the water. In order to provide a good environment for the bacteria to multiply, air is pumped and spread into the water by blowers. The water, air and ...

Sandra Cisneros Writing Essays -- Literature Analysis

Writing in the 20th century was great deal harder for a Chicano then it was for a typical American at this time. Although that did not stop this author, Sandra Cisneros. One of her famous novels, Woman Hollering Creek was a prime example of how a combined culture: Mexican-Americans, could show their pride and identity in this century. In conjunction, gave the opportunity for women to speak their voice and forever change the culture of Latino/a markets. Not only did it express identity/gender roles of women and relationships, but using these relationships to combine the cultures of Mexican and American into a hybrid breed. This novel, should have been a view-point for the future to show that there is more to life than just gender and race. Concluding this, the articles that helps define this is â€Å"The Latino/a Canon and the Emergence of Post-Sixties Literature† and â€Å"What is called Heaven†. Women Hollering Creek was considered one of Sandra Cisnero's best works. With a Texan view, this 22 short story novel was set upon the late 1960's to 1980's era. There are three distinct sections: â€Å"My Lucy Friend who smells like Corn†, â€Å"One Holy Night† as well as â€Å"There was a Man, There was a Woman†. Each part contains short stories within them. These all consist of a heartwarming girl, Esperanza,who matures into a woman and how she faces these gender roles through love and violence. Cisneros alters the name Esperanza with Chayo, Rachel, Lupe, Ines, and Clemenica, to explain differences between them along with to give the story more lewd effectiveness. Sandra Cisneros main focus throughout the novel was identity. Cisneros starts off in the first section (â€Å"My Lucy Friend Who Smells Like Corn), narrating as a young child and further matures in... ...of mixing the cultures and the identities of women. Her voice is what emphasizes the article to show how the goal is to redistribute the language and culture not criticizing the â€Å"New World†. This is what affects our future as a whole and challenges us to be â€Å"bridge the gap between marginal Latino/a culture and the American mainstream.† If society does not at least try to blend together, then it will cause into a huge war that possibly could never end. Just being that woman to show her passion and influence, can cause a great impact and force this world to acknowledge we all are the same. Works Cited Cisneros, Sandra. Woman Hollering Creek. First Vintage Contempoaries Edition. March 1992. 10 Nov 2010. Thomson, Jeff. "What is Called Heaven": Identity in Sandra Cisneros's "Woman Hollering Creek". Studies in Short Fiction, 31:3 (1994:Summer) p.415. 16 Nov 2010.

Free Young Goodman Brown Essays: Did the Devil Lie? :: Young Goodman Brown YGB

Young Goodman Brown is an ordinary man who takes a ritualistic journey into the sins of mankind. Sin is a virtue of being human, which Brown has yet to realize. This is a story of the discovery of guilt and sin. But, the questions are: Did this journey really take place? And were the people who Brown encountered real or specters created by the devil? Regardless if the journey was a dream or a reality, "a stern, a sad, a darkly meditative, a distrustful, if not a desperate man, did he become, from the night of that fearful dream." Let's call it reality because Brown was so deeply affected by it. So, the first question is answered, now, was the reality created by the devil to convert Brown or were all the people Brown encountered really as evil and hypocritical as they appeared. After Brown left his wife, Faith, he started on a "dreary road, darkened by all the gloomiest trees of the forest. . ." He was feeling not so alone, and thought that the devil himself could be at his back. At this very instant, Brown saw a figure leaning against a tree. The devil came as soon as Brown called him. Why was he so afraid he might meet the devil, when it seems to me he know he was going on an evil journey with the devil? The fellow traveler (let's just call him the devil) shared a resemblance to Brown. In fact, when goody Cloyse sees him she say he is "in the very image of my old gossip, goodman Brown,. . ." So, the devil contrived himself to look like Young Goodman Brown, so Brown would feel a sort of brotherhood, or fatherhood, to the devil. He made himself more like Brown so Brown would more easily be swayed. To me, if the devil can change his appearance, what would stop him from changing others appearances. Who's to say that it was actually goody Cloyse that Brown saw . Brown is so hurt that that the woman who taught him his catechism could actually be a witch. As would be anyone who's idea of what is right and wrong is shattered. But Brown wasn't so easily swayed as the devil had hoped, Brown still resisted. So, the devil thought he would shake Brown even more. He contrived the voices of the deacon Gookin and the minister.

Happy Teacher

â€Å"HAPPY TEACHER† A Narrative Report on Practice Teaching 2011- 2012 Maria Regina D. Gile My parents would always tell me how I dreamed of becoming a teacher in the future. I would usually be found holding a book and a pen, scribbling some notes and cutting off sheets of paper. A chalk and a board was my favourite, they would say, with matching pointing stick. I guess ever since, I find teachers so majestic and powerful and smart that made me want to be one. That was BEFORE not until now. Not today. I want to become a fashion designer, an interior designer, anything that has to do with the Arts. I love anything related to it.Colours, pegs, pencils, paintbrushes, everything. That is what I want. But you see, not all that we want, we get. This is what I want but I’m taking up what I don’t want. BS Education. Well for one it’s because a lot of people look at it as a low profession. Second, monetarily speaking, it does not tantamount to all the works to be done and efforts exerted. And lastly, my patience level? Err. Below Average. I cannot tolerate slow learners, or mentally challenged ones, or whatever you call them. I just am not comfortable with that. But fate brought me here. God brought me here. Although hard to accept, I had to.The first few years of me being an Education Student went quite well. I got high satisfactory grades, loved by teachers and gained friends. Everything was going well. I could get used to this, I thought to myself. Four years and I still haven’t shifted. Cool. And in my fourth year, the â€Å"total defining moment† has finally arrived; and that is to Practice Teaching- in an unfamiliar environment- just us- no back- up. Oh great, I thought. I better ready myself. I cannot back out! THIS IS A REQUIREMENT! I NEED TO DO IT IN ORDER TO GRADUATE! And so i did. I entered the room sheepishly with all eyes on me.Not to mention the slight murmurs children made and slight laughs. Boom- boom- boom! My heart went. I was assigned to Grade 1 students. I can do this. So in the first few weeks, i observed and supervised classes but not really went to the act of teaching. Children would usually approach me, asking me to open their biscuits, punch straws on their juices and fix their belts. It felt good and that was quite odd. I never opened myself to this perspective. Days went on and I realized i have memorized their names in just a week. I would usually call out their names to tell them to keep quiet, to fall in line and to fix their things.I’m lovin’ this i thought. What even made me realize i could be in this profession is when students started giving me cute little heart shaped papers telling me how much they love me and how beautiful i am. These kids really know how to appreciate every small little thing! My presence, they say, makes them feel safe and that they never want me to go away. Isn’t that sweet? Until finally i realized, i could be a teacher. I love kids, i love how they express their gratitude, i love the classroom setting! It makes me feel confident and safe and everything! And from that moment, i realized i wanted to become a Grade- school teacher.Not because i am enforced in this course but because i want it. Yes, i want to become a teacher. My â€Å"realization† was even strengthened when i started teaching. At first i was extremely nervous and uneasy because i do not know what to expect. Will they listen to me? Will they learn from me? Can they adapt to my strategy? All of these questions kept running in my mind until one student approached me and gave me a hug. I needed that. I instantly felt at ease. It felt like home. So i went on. The night before my teaching, i practiced and prepared myself very well. From the motivation, presentation, lesson proper and all.I didn’t want to fail. I need to impress my students, my critic teacher. So going back, when i started talking in front, i find myself getting more energetic and excited. i love talking and this profession allows me to maximize my mouth muscles! Great! The kids started listening attentively, actively participated and they are getting excited too! With this, i even thought, i am a great teacher! I can arouse their interest, they are listening and my critic teacher is smiling! It feels good and rewarding, honestly. All the things i have learned, i integrated, all the strategies taught, i applied and i said to myself this is gonna be fun!And so, i always prepared lessons even two days before and thought of different ways to motivate my students. I injected humor in my discussions that made the class lively, games to challenge the students, and riddles and more. It was fulfilling to see those timid students before were actively reciting and are motivated by me. I got so attached to all of them easily, taking care of them as if my own children. They’re my little angels! And everyday i look forward to see them despite the ted ious works and deadlines. I know that becoming a teacher isn’t easy. It requires a lot of patience and hard work and passion.And i am thankful to God for bringing me here. If i didn’t give it a try, i wouldn’t have seen the beauty of this profession. Thanks to St. Paul too, for this practice teaching. It exposed me to an environment i would probably be dealing with for the rest of my life and through this Pauline Education, not only has it moulded me as a professional but a teacher with a heart and values. Finally, with the practice teaching i have experienced, it served as an eye- opener that becoming a teacher is not bad at all. It is a fulfilling profession not only academically or professionally but a food for the soul.

Health Care Reform 2010 Health And Social Care Essay

US health care system was inefficient despite of disbursement 15 % of GDP during 2006 which was more than three times than in 1960. Ten old ages back, the wellness attention system of USA was announced to be broken and in future it did n't better. Managed attention did non do seeable the fixes promises. The rates of premium are increasing. The annoyance of patients as good physicians flourish. The survey shows that about 45 million people in Americans are still uninsured. In the approaching hereafter, these issues will acquire worse and new challenges will come on the screen. New engineering is doing topographic point and it is doing the things efficient, but the cost of intervention every bit good new trial is higher so before.A Doctors are doing the lives of people lengthy so now more people require the medical intervention so earlier. As the age of babe is increasing so they are demanding the better interventions. Owing to the increased cost, employers will non accept the position quo. Sp they exclude the benefits for new hiring. Others might go forth the concern of insurance concern wholly and will lend merely to cover the costs but will non give coverage by themselves. The figure of uninsured people in America will increase because of these alterations. Disenfranchised middleA category will lift in consequences of these alterations. Employers will travel for and prefer this alteration. The wellness attention system of American splits the population into two groups foremost is insiders and 2nd is foreigners. Insiders are those who are insured and they have good insurance so they get everything modern. No affair hoe expensive the medical specialty and intervention is. Foreigners are those who have hapless insurance program or nil at all. They receive really small out of their insurance programs. About 47 million Americans are uninsured and the figure is turning twenty-four hours by twenty-four hours. Insurance companies presently deny covering people with preexistent conditions. Peoples who have terrible medical conditions like AIDS, malignant neoplastic disease and other such diseases were non covered by the insurance companies. These people are at bad and that ‘s why non covered by companies. Major employers are cutting their costs in healthcare disbursement to vie in the planetary challenging market.[ 2 ]Employers are denying paying insurance premiums to these workers due to high premiums and the current economic state of affairss. Employers are switching the economic load towards the employees like deductibles and co-pays. Almost half of the belly-up people are due to the high medical costs and this cost is straight or indirectly affects the economic system. Hence, authorities has to pay more. One more job in the current system that physicians are non paid harmonizing to their service quality. Doctors are paid really less as compared to other states of Earth like in Uni ted Kingdom, physicians are paid for 95 % while in US merely 30 % . Lot of people even did non travel to sophisticate due to high costs of trials, intervention or followup after the intervention. These higher costs associated with health care besides stopped Americans sing physician on a regular basis for medical examination. Besides physicians do non cognize the history of patients due to non sing them on a regular basis. Americans besides have high ratio of chronic diseases. This is besides leads to more disbursement on health care and its handiness to hapless people. United States is the lone state among the developed states whose all citizens do non hold entree to its citizens except South Africa[ 3 ]. Medicare and Medicaid are two of authorities plans which provide medical every bit good as wellness related services to the specific group of people in USA. Both of them are different but are managed by the centres of Medicare and Medicaid which is a division of US Department of Health and Human Services. Medicaid is a plan which includes agencies tested wellness and medical services for specific persons and households who have low income and limited resources. It is chiefly looked after at federal degree, but each stat develops its ain criterions like eligibility criterions ; determines the sum, type, period and range of the services ; puting the rate of payment for services ; administers its ain Medicaid plans. As mentioned above that States is the concluding determination authorization of planning of service which will be provided under their Medicaid plan. But there are some necessary demands which must be matched by the States to have support from Federal. Following are the compulsory services: Impatient and Outpatient infirmary services Prenatal attention Children Vaccines Service of Physician Facility of Nursing services for persons aged 21 or older Servicess of Family be aftering with supplies Rural wellness clinic services Home wellness attention for individuals eligible for skilled-nursing services Lab and X ray services Pediatric and household nurse practician services Nurse-midwife services Federally qualified health-center ( FQHC ) services and ambulatory services Early on and periodic showing, diagnostic, and intervention ( EPSDT ) services for kids under age 21 Besides the above, the provinces can add more 34 optional approved services and can have the Federal matching support. Although each province has the authorization to put the eligibility standard for acquiring the Medicaid services but fundamentally the plan has been started to assist the people with low income. Other demands may include age, gestation, disablement, other assets and citizenship. Medicaid does non pay money to the persons. Medicaid plan plants like a plan provide intervention to the persons and gives payment to the wellness attention suppliers. State makes the payment while provinces receive reimbursement from Federal Government. Medicare is a Federal wellness plan of insurance. It pays for aged and certain handicapped Americans to infirmaries and medical attention. The plan is divided into 4 parts: Separate A, B, C and D. But two chief parts for infirmaries and medical insurance are Part A & A ; B. Separate A may be known as Hospitals Insurance, pays for the infirmary corsets and it includes repasts, supplies, semi private suites and proving. It besides pays for place wellness attention. Part B which is known as Supplementary Medical Insurance. It pays for doctors visits, place wellness attention costs, outpatient infirmaries, and other services for aged and disabled. It covers lasting medical equipments, certain inoculations, blood transfusion, lab and diagnosing trials, X raies, chemotherapy, hormonal trials and spectacless. Part B requires a certain premium which caries each twelvemonth. Part C is besides known as Medical Advantage Plan because it allows the users to plan a usage program that can be more helpful and align to the demands of their medical demands. Part D includes the prescription drug program. It is administered by one of many private insurance companies. Eligibility for Medicare requires a US citizen or uninterrupted 5 old ages legal occupant of US must be at least 65 old ages old or under 65 and disables or any age individual with End Stage Renal Disease. Payroll revenue enhancements which are collected through Federal Insurance Contributions Act and Self Employment Contributions Act are the major elements of support for Medicare. US health care reforms measure 2010 will be $ 940 billion over the period of 10 old ages.[ 4 ]This measure will cover 32 million American people who are uninsured. Health Insurance can be purchased through state-based exchanges and fiscal subsidy will be offered to the income below 133 per centum and 400 per centum of poorness degree in US. Tax relaxations will be offered to the little concern to buy employee insurances. Peoples who are availing subsidies will non be eligible for Medicare, Medicaid and besides for employer covered insurance. New revenue enhancement will be imposed in 2012 at rate of 3.8 per centum on income of households doing over $ 250,000 per twelvemonth. Insurance reforms will be introduced and insurance companies wo n't deny to the people and kids with preexistent conditions. Medicaid will spread out to include 133 per centum of the poorness degree in United States. In 2014, everyone must buy a insurance or face the one-year mulct fees. Employers who have more t han 50 employees must supply insurance to their employees or face a mulct on the footing of per worker. Illegal immigrants can non avail insurance even if they pay their ain money. Abortion insurance will be paid by private money and it will non be subsidized by federal or revenue enhancement remunerator financess. Republican offered an alternate plan on the footing of four common-sense reforms which can be afforded by people of US named as Common-sense health care reform. It includes that all concerns and households can purchase insurance across US. The 2nd point is that persons, little concerns and trade associations can get insurances at lower costs by combine attempts. It besides allows provinces to take down costs by making advanced reforms. The last reform is to complete the cases which must be obeyed by physicians because of acquiring sued by Police. This will stop the high cost trials and other processs which are really non required by the patients.

Are humans naturally good or evil? Essay

Fundamentally speaking, are humans naturally good or evil? This is a question that has been repeatedly asked throughout humanity. For thousands of years Philosophers have debated whether we have a naturally good nature that is corrupted by society, or an evil nature that is kept in check by society. I believe that we are all born what society calls evil. Our instinct is to kill and survive but as society and civilization has evolved we have been taught to live in a different manner. We try to rationalize our behaviour to act civilized. Evil is our inner beast that we choose to control or be controlled by. Jack from Lord of the Flies is a very good example as he was a boy who was well mannered. He agreed with Ralph about the idea of having rules amongst the boys on the island. He said that rules are necessary as they were not savages that they were English and they English are always right. As time passes, he forgets society and manners. He becomes the savage from within, the savage that was always a part of him but was hidden. Children behave in a bad way and can be thought of as evil but we change their behaviour and teach them what we call manners. We change their behaviour to suit our surrounding’s and the image we have made ourselves portray and disobey our human nature. The Darwin Theory clearly states that us humans have evolved from apes. Apes are animals that hunt to survive. We are more advanced than apes but still have a similar motive as our nature. We were born to hunt to survive like other animals. It is us whom have evolved in such a manner that we have created society. We have taught ourselves to act in a certain way. Cavemen are the original humans. They are early prehistoric humans. They behaved in a manner that was the original purpose for them, to kill to eat, to survive. We show our nature at an early age. We show our selfishness, to want things for ourselves. You only have to look at a child to see the signs of our evil trait. However, a child can be thought quickly to behave in a moral way. The child will often stick to the boundaries set at an early age for the rest of their lives. ‘Moral acts’ persevere our reputation in society because of our fear of the law. Us humans are born evil but obtain our inner sanity and change our actions to become good and civilized. On the other hand, there are some who cannot control their inner self and act upon their nature as they kill and break what we call the law, our society’s rules. Some of us do not obey the law. This is why we have serial killers, murderers, and criminals. Our world constantly has violence. As is proven by the constant wars happening around the world. Many people believe that media is to blame for the evil created in us. That theory is wrong as it all starts since the moment we are born as our first instincts can determine our future personalities. The media can be blamed to trigger the evil within us but not to create it as it was always there. Even though we are born what society calls evil, some people cannot contain their inner aggression and desperation for the kill sensation so they become a murderer. They become serial killers who react to the thrill of the chase. They sometimes fantasize for years about the type of victims and the method of the kill before they act upon the urges. The serial killers have been proven to have an extra X (female) chromosome. Having the extra female chromosome is also called Klinefelter’s syndrome. Tests have proven that serial killers carry the extra chromosome. The serial killer Bobby Joe Lang had an extra chromosome, which lead to him growing breasts during his adolescence stage. This led him to being bullied at school. This leads onto another question. Does a bad upbringing trigger the evil within us? This is shown in the novel Lord of the Flies, as Piggy is a character that suffers from many disabilities such as being overweight, his sight and his asmar. His parents passed away when he was younger. He lived with his auntie and comforted his sorrow and grief with the sweets from her shop. This led to him being bullied for many years not only at school but also in the island by the other boys. Piggy’s character was shy and sensible. He was not treated in the same way as the others because of his disabilities, which led him into disbelieving in himself, and caused low self-confidence. To conclude my essay I would like to state that out of the 7 billion people in the world, 10 million of them are prisoners. I believe that all people are born evil but only some people trigger their evil from within whereas others learn to control it.

Two Main Approaches to Learn About Nature in the Process of Science

In the process of science, scientist use two main approaches to learn about nature; Discovery Science and Hypothesis based science. With Discovery Science, scientist observe and describe objects, and with Hypothesis based Science, scientist make a hypothesis, make deductions and then test the predictions. In our everyday lives we use Hypothesis based science to solve many different problems. There is a criterion that is needed in order to have a hypothesis-based scientific study. To start you must have an observation and generalizations from discovery science. You must have questions and tentative answers to the questions. You must also have deductions that will lead you to predictions. And lastly be able to test the predictions to see if the hypothesis is falsiable. In experiments the use of control groups and experimental groups helps to control the variables. A large sample size is always a better choice than a small sample size to eliminate the possibility of chance. A case study of hypothesis-based science is both different from and similar to a case study from every day life. The two are similar in many ways. Both studies require that you make an observation as well as make a hypothesis from the observation. They are also similar in the fact that they both need a prediction, and both predictions needed to be tested in order to see if they are falsiable. The two are also very different from each other in other aspects. A hypothesis based science study needs to have two different groups of subjects; an example would be an experimental group and a control group. Hypothesis based science also needs to factor in sample size. With a case study from every day life there are a lot less factors that you have to be concerned with. The basic differences between the two are as follows: Everyday Life -Hypothesize using testable and falsifiable hypotheses -are predicted by using If-Then statements -Test predictions -Conclude the findings Hypothesis Based Science -The above steps but with tighter regulations -Experimental and control groups are required -Sample size must be large enough to generalize results -Must be an experimental variable An experiment of my choice that I researched is a double-blind study evaluating the long-term safety of varenicline for smoking cessation (WILLIAMS Kathryn E. ; REEVES Karen R. BILLING Clare B. ; PENNINGTON Ann M. ; GONG Jason) This experiment asses the safety of long term varenidine for smoking cessation. Subjects were chosen at random, and it was large sample size of 376. There was a control group and an experimental group. The experimental group received varenicline and the control group received a placebo. Subjects were monitored by weekly visits that after week eight turne d into visits of every 4 weeks. Subjects vital signs were documented each visit along with smoking status. All subjects were also provided with a brief counseling. The conclusions of this study were: â€Å"Varenicline 1 mg BID can be safely administered for up to 1 year. Varenicline was also a more effective smoking cessation aid than placebo throughout the study, supporting both its short- (12-week) and long-term (52-week) efficacy† I chose this study because I think that it fits the criteria and demonstrates the basic considerations in a good designed study. I can use my knowledge of the scientific method when reading medical journals to figure out the authenticity of the experiment. This will help me as a nurse to comprehend the research being presented on specific diseases as well as treatments.

Public sector finance and cntrol Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Public sector finance and cntrol - Essay Example through provision of Discretionary Council Tax in a manner that: The payments are made in complex situations and incidences of anomalies thereby enabling different quarters of the society to handle issues ascribed to short term financial crises that would hinder them from paying their normal taxes. However, the essence of applying Discretionary Council of Tax should not focus on undermining the natures as well as the purpose of the Normal Council Tax Support Scheme. Moreover, it should not focus of supporting irresponsible behavior or common practices associated with not paying taxes among the quarters of the society. Consequently, the process should not focus on provision of funds in a manner that the expenditure the maximum permissible by the Local Council Tax. Another method that may be applied to achieve the desired tax charge by the council is provision of Awards. The Awards can be provided to meet current tax needs rather than compensate for past tax debts. In this regard, retrospective payments made be subjected to appreciation thereby reducing Council Tax arrears. The Process of Incremental Budgeting entails a scenario where new Budgets are formulated taking into consideration facets of the previous annual budget. In this regard, increments are usually made in order to fulfill projected needs for the current year using the pats budgets years for purposes of references. Incremental budgets are pertinent owing to the fact that it facilitates the aversion of risks, reinforces incidences of equilibrium created by political facets and provides an efficient and effective platform for stakeholder decision-making. In regard to tax setting, there are various factors that are usually taken into consideration; the fist factor is equality and uniformity. That is, all taxes should be levied in an equal and uniform manner. In addition, the process of levying tax entails a scenario whereby; certain time limits are stipulated for collection of taxes i.e. ends of every

SUPPROTING DOCUMENT Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

SUPPROTING DOCUMENT - Essay Example My father shifted to Canada some time back and after that we encountered serious financial losses, so much so that he went bankrupt. After this, we had to give up all the luxuries of life and live on a literal hand to mouth approach. I went into a mental trauma and could not concentrate on my studies properly all this while. This resulted in my failing some courses as well. My parents also got separated at home due to bickering that was an on-going affair. I just could not concentrate on anything and studies for sure took a back seat in this whole equation. This asked me to pour in my best efforts towards the studies but the amount of tension, shock and awe I was in, nobody could ever understand. It was only when my father took me to the counselor of bankruptcy for English translation, as his English was not good that I came to know the magnitude of the whole problem. I was the co-signer in the bankruptcy statement. The severity hit me and my family and because of this our living was in doldrums. More than that, we had to endure a lot of physical and emotional pain at the hands of the whole situation which by this time had become unbearable for me, let alone my parents who were the direct recipients of this tragedy. In the meanwhile, I cleared language courses at school but just could not pass the psychology one. I have always had a soft corner and personal liking for this course and it is because of this that I am penning this letter to you in the first place. The reasons have been mentioned duly in this communication and I wish to apprise you of the same again here stating that all these things matter to me a lot and my physical and emotional self is hurt to the maximum and now is the time when I want to achieve something in life and for that to happen I want to get over with my tensions and worries once and for all. However, all said and done, these problems

Maintenance Strategy Math Problem Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3750 words

Maintenance Strategy - Math Problem Example As the paper outlines, mÐ °ny Ð ¾f the bÐ °tÃ' h reÐ °Ã' tÐ ¾rÃ'• Ð °re Ã'•emibÐ °tÃ' h (Ð °lÃ'•Ð ¾ Ã' Ã °lled fedbÐ °tÃ' h) reÐ °Ã' tÐ ¾rÃ'• in whiÃ' h Ð °n initiÐ °l Ð °mÐ ¾unt Ð ¾f mÐ °teriÐ °l iÃ'• Ã'€lÐ °Ã' ed in the reÐ °Ã' tÐ ¾r, the liquid iÃ'• heÐ °ted tÐ ¾ the deÃ'•ired temÃ'€erÐ °ture, Ð °nd then Ð °dditiÐ ¾nÐ °l feed Ð ¾f freÃ'•h reÐ °Ã' tÐ °nt iÃ'• grÐ °duÐ °lly Ð °dded tÐ ¾ the veÃ'•Ã'•el. ОÃ'€timÐ °l Ã' Ã ¾ntrÐ ¾l theÐ ¾ry hÐ °Ã'• has been widely uÃ'•ed tÐ ¾ derive Ð ¾Ã'€erÐ °tiÐ ¾n Ã'€Ð ¾liÃ' ieÃ'• fÐ ¾r bÐ °tÃ' h reÐ °Ã' tÐ ¾rÃ'• (FiliÃ'€Ã'€i-BÐ ¾Ã'•Ã'•y et Ð °l., 1989). MÐ °ny Ã'€Ð °Ã'€erÃ'• hÐ °ve been Ã'€ubliÃ'•hed where different Ð ¾Ã'€timÐ °l Ã' Ã ¾ntrÐ ¾l deÃ'•ignÃ'• Ð °re exÃ'€lÐ ¾red, rÐ °nging frÐ ¾m reÃ' urrent neurÐ °l netwÐ ¾rk mÐ ¾delÃ'• (XiÐ ¾ng Ð °nd ZhÐ °ng, 2005) tÐ ¾ Ð ¾n-line dynÐ °miÃ'  Ð ¾Ã'€timizÐ °tiÐ ¾n (Ð rÃ'€Ð ¾rnwiÃ' hÐ °nÐ ¾Ã'€ et Ð °l., 2005). The intereÃ'•ted reÐ °der iÃ'• referred tÐ ¾ the reÃ' ent Ã'•urvey by Ð…metÃ'• et Ð °l., 2004 I.Y. Ð…metÃ'•, J.E. Ð ¡lÐ °eÃ'•, E.J. NÐ ¾vember, G.Ð  . BÐ °Ã'•tin Ð °nd J.F. VÐ °n ImÃ'€e, ОÃ'€timÐ °l Ð °dÐ °Ã'€tive Ã' Ã ¾ntrÐ ¾l Ð ¾f (biÐ ¾)Ã' hemiÃ' Ã °l reÐ °Ã' tÐ ¾rÃ'•: Ã'€Ð °Ã'•t, Ã'€reÃ'•ent Ð °nd future, JÐ ¾urnÐ °l Ð ¾f Ð  rÐ ¾Ã' eÃ'•Ã'• Ð ¡Ã ¾ntrÐ ¾l 14 (2004), Ã'€Ã'€. 795–805. The fÐ ¾llÐ ¾wing nÐ ¾tÐ °tiÐ ¾n will be Ã' Ã ¾nÃ'•idered in the next Ã'•eÃ' tiÐ ¾nÃ'•: †¢ iÃ'• the veÃ' tÐ ¾r Ð ¾f Ã' Ã ¾nÃ' entrÐ °tiÐ ¾nÃ'• Ð ¾f the invÐ ¾lved Ã' hemiÃ' Ã °l Ã'•Ã'€eÃ' ieÃ'•. †¢iÃ'• the veÃ' tÐ ¾r Ð ¾f freÃ'•h feed Ã' Ã ¾nÃ' entrÐ °tiÐ ¾nÃ'•.†¢iÃ'• the reÐ °Ã' tÐ ¾r temÃ'€erÐ °ture.  Ã¢â‚¬ ¢iÃ'• the freÃ'•h feed temÃ'€erÐ °ture.  Ã¢â‚¬ ¢iÃ'• the reÐ °Ã' tÐ ¾r vÐ ¾lume.  Ã¢â‚¬ ¢iÃ'• the freÃ'•h feed flÐ ¾wrÐ °te.  Ã¢â‚¬ ¢iÃ'• the veÃ' tÐ ¾r Ð ¾f reÐ °Ã' tiÐ ¾n kinetiÃ' Ã'•.  Ã¢â‚¬ ¢iÃ'• the Ã'•tÐ ¾iÃ' hiÐ ¾metriÃ'  mÐ °trix.  Ã¢â‚¬ ¢iÃ'• Ð ° veÃ' tÐ ¾r relÐ °ted tÐ ¾ Ã' Ã ¾nÃ'•tÐ °nt reÐ °Ã' tiÐ ¾n enthÐ °lÃ'€ieÃ'•.  Ã¢â‚¬ ¢ÃŽ ³(Ã' ,T,t) iÃ'• the heÐ °t trÐ °nÃ'•fer Ã'€Ð °rÐ °meter.  Ã¢â‚¬ ¢u iÃ'• the jÐ °Ã' ket temÃ'€erÐ °ture, whiÃ' h iÃ'• tÐ °ken Ð °Ã'• the Ã' Ã ¾ntrÐ ¾l inÃ'€ut.  In the Ã'•equel, the â€Å"bÐ °tÃ' h reÐ °Ã' tÐ ¾r† terminÐ ¾lÐ ¾gy will refer tÐ ¾ bÐ ¾th Ã'•triÃ' t bÐ °tÃ' h Ð °nd Ã'•emibÐ °tÃ' h reÐ °Ã' tÐ ¾rÃ'•. BÐ °tÃ' h reÐ °Ã' tÐ ¾rÃ'• in whiÃ' h m reÐ °Ã' tiÐ ¾nÃ'• tÐ °ke Ã'€lÐ °Ã' e invÐ ¾lving n (n>m) Ã' hemiÃ' Ã °l Ã'•Ã'€eÃ' ieÃ'•, Ð °re Ã' Ã ¾nÃ'•idered.

Consumer decision making process on muller rice Essay

Consumer decision making process on muller rice - Essay Example The source of the competitive advantage is in the name of the company and the ability to price its products in a competitive manner. The main challenge that it faces is the increased competition from the other producers. Its opportunity is in the increased awareness in people about the food that they take. The marketing objectives of the company are to penetrate the market and attain the most market share possible. The company also aims at cementing its position in the global arena. The growth strategies that the company can use include the introduction of new products such as new flavours. The company may also expand its cream division since this will be able to utilize the excesses in the capacity (Pride and Ferrell, 2008). The understanding of the customer decision making is important for the company since this is the approach that the company will use to come up with new products. The targeting can be made in such a way that it focuses on the individual needs of the different classes of people (Pride and Ferrell,

Parkinsonism and other Extrapyramidal Diseases Essay

Parkinsonism and other Extrapyramidal Diseases - Essay Example In essence, I did the best I could with what I was provided. The normal functions of the human basal ganglia have largely been deduced from the study of functional problems associated with destructive or irritative lesions. To a large degree, the deficits are in motor function and, therefore, the extrapyramidal system and basal ganglia have been associated with movement disorders. Important interconnections of the basal ganglia are the nigrostriatal pathway, and the ansa and fasciculus lenticularis, and the fasciculus thalamicus, which interconnect the globus pallidus and the ventral lateral and ventral anterior (VL-VA) nuclei of the thalamusand the VL-VA thalamocortical fibers, the subthalamopallidal pathway, striatopallidal fibers, and cerebellothalamic interconnections Parkinson's disease, first described by James Parkinson in 1817, is one of the most important disabling illnesses of later life. It is estimated to affect 1% of 70-year-olds, but is also seen in younger people, with 10% of cases occurring before the age of 50. Parkinson's disease is one of the most common neurodegenerative diseases, but estimating its incidence and prevalence is problematic, since there is no 'in-life' marker for idiopathic Parkinson's disease; estimates of the annual incidence of Parkinson's disease are in the range of 4 to 20 per 100000 individuals. A widely accepted figure for the prevalence of Parkinson's disease is approximately 200 per 100,000 populations. In the UK, there are approximately 120,000 to 130,000 diagnosed cases, but there may be many more that remain undiagnosed. In the USA, it is estimated that between 750,000 and 1.5 million people have the disease. ( Ref) Age, Sex, and Ethnicity Both the incidence and prevalence of Parkinson's disease increase with age, and the prevalence may be as high as 1 in 50 for patients over the age of 80 years. Men are 1.5 times more likely than women to develop the condition are. Hospital-based studies have suggested that Parkinson's disease is less common in the black population. Pathology The main pathological feature of Parkinson's disease is the degeneration of neuromelanin-containing neurons in the pars compacta of the substantia nigra. Examination with the naked eye reveals pallor of this area, which is confirmed microscopically by a marked decrease in the number of neuromelanin-containing cells and the presence of Lewy bodies in the remaining nigral neurons. Degeneration of pigmented neurons in the brainstem is not limited to the nigra but extends to the locus ceruleus and the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus. Neuronal Degeneration The cause of neuronal degeneration in Parkinson's disease is unknown. The susceptible neurons are located in astroglial-poor regions such as the ventral tier. Glia may offer neuroprotection by providing neurotrophic factors that prevent cell death. Several hypotheses for neuronal degeneration have been proposed, including: oxidative stress, induced by dopamine metabolism or other factors defective mitochondrial energy metabolism excitotoxin- and xenobiotic-related cell death programmed cell death (apoptosis) to the medial

To what extent is netanyahu speech in Congress 2015 view the nuclear Movie Review

To what extent is netanyahu speech in Congress 2015 view the nuclear deal - Movie Review Example It consists of two houses the House of Representatives and the senate. The congress meets in capitol which is located in Washington D.C. Benjamin claimed that this deal would create two chief concessions which act as a threat to Israel’s security as well as the region. This will be through retention of Iran’s ability to initiate a nuclear weapons program.1 Netanyahu termed it as a bad deal and explained that Israel is much better without the deal. The speech welcomed mixed views and responses from people of all the walks of life as the document analyzes.1 The speech encompassed strong views against the American Iranian negotiations that are underway. This speech stirred up some political controversy of the two countries. He noted that these negotiations will just guarantee that Tehran gets the nuclear weapons to harm the entire world. Netanyahu also noted that from the previous attempts, it is evident that Iran is a nation that cannot be trusted. This is irrespective of whatever they say in terms of whichever accord designed to stop it from acquiring those weapons. He also noted in the speech that the world is now facing the danger of the Islamic militant marriage with the nuclear weapons. The members of the house expressed varying opinions concerning these Netanyahu’s words. A loud applause was received. However the applause came from the republicans while the democrats revealed a restrained reaction. According to Netanyahu, after the deal will be done Iran was to receive two major concessions. One concession was to leave intact the Iran’s vast nuclear infrastructure. The other concession was to lift the restrictions on this program in like a decade. According to Netanyahu, the world should make sure that no restrictions get lifted on the nuclear program on Iran (New York Times 2). This will be until Iran stops all the aggressive activities against its neighbors in Mideast, seize supporting terrorism in the globe and refrain from annihilating

Analyze a story Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Analyze a story - Essay Example Her approach to her subject is quite diverse with respect to the locations and the variety of the crimes done by men to women. The paper seeks to analyze the story or article through the vivid presentation of the facts that the author is trying to say. At the initiation of the story, the author defines the boundaries of her analysis. She observes numerous atrocities occurring in various parts of the world but desists from tackling them with the reason that similar problems with the same magnitudes frequently occur in America. She claims that many people ignore the oppression existing at the very doorsteps of Americans, According to her; Americans suffer under the delusion that women in America have achieved equality. The real perception that she tries to tell her audiences is that they should not be complacent in the fight against inequality with respect to women. Instead of focusing on the problems of the world, Valenti throws a strong challenge to the contemporary Americans to stay focused and boldly face the atrocities beckoning at their door-steps. In addition, she tries to say that there is substantial progress that women movements have achieved in the past. However, she is skeptical about justifying that the prevalence of atrocities has halted. She emphatically says, â€Å"Women are still being raped, trafficked, violated and discriminated against -- not just in the rest of the world, but here in the United States† (Valenti 1). Through giving some of the recent examples of injustices such as the sexual assault of women in Colorado the author aims to open fresh wounds and induce the need for urgency in addressing the matter. The author introduced another dimension of perceiving the vulnerability of women to cases of injustices. She gives examples of instances where close colleagues and work partners have raped women. For instance, women serving in the military in Iraq are likely to become preys to fellow

Observation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Observation - Essay Example I also observed that the center maintains a well manicured garden with beautiful flowers and lawn. This school is multiracial and it caters for children from different backgrounds. Overall, the standards maintained at this center are par excellence and everyone feels welcome to this particular center which is well secured. I also observed that the classroom level is ideal for the children. The children sit in groups of six and the furniture is arranged in a rectangular fashion such that the teacher can monitor each child at any given time. The teacher mainly uses teaching aids such as charts and pictures and other drawings to explain different things to the children who are still in the early stages of development. The teacher uses the chalk board to illustrate different things to the children. I also observed that the teacher uses different pictures to test the knowledge of the children if they know the symbols shown. The teacher relates well with the students and she is not selective despite the fact that the children come from different races. I was impressed to realise that the teacher knows all the students in her class. I also observed a lesson where the teacher wanted to test the knowledge of the children if they know different animals. She used picture aids in this lesson where she will lift a picture showing a certain animal. She would then randomly call any student to name the animal. This lesson was very eventful since all the students were excited and eager to participate. The children learnt a lot of things in this lesson and some of them would even describe where the animals shown on the pictures live. In my own view, I think the teacher is experienced for this job. It is quite challenging for other people to teach early child development classes but I discovered that the teacher greatly enjoyed her work. She interacted in a cordial manner with the students and she spoke to them in a motherly manner. The

Finally, Obama is President Essay Example for Free

Finally, Obama is President Essay The American people has sworn into office the most unlikely man of all – African-American, the son of a Kenyan father and a white mother, but possessed in himself the capacity to bind different sectors of American society in believing that Change can really happen, that a return to the old ways is not the path in the next few years of the proud and mighty American people. Today, on the 20th of January, 2009, Barack Obama is the 44th President of the United States of America, the land of the free, and truly the land where perhaps anything is possible. In his speech, Barack Obama touched upon many ideas – of freedom, of the need to continue remembering the past as the guidepost of the future, of the need to expose false world leaders that cling to power through the silencing of dissent and corruption – but none perhaps would be most remembered than his attribution to our nation’s rich historic fabric, which is now shaping the current political discourse under the new Obama administration. Obama mentioned the American war struggles, to wit – For us, they fought and died, in places like Concord and Gettysburg; Normandy and Khe Sahn. Obama made reference to the great wars our people fought – Concord as one of the greatest battles during the American Revolution against the British Empire; Gettysburg as the site of the bloodiest civil war battle between the Union and Confederacy; Normandy as the landing site of American troops involved in the Western front of World War II; and Khe Sanh, as the venue of our soldiers’ valiant stand against Vietnamese troops in South Vietnam. Obama used these historic references of war to remind the people of the collective struggle of the American people in pursuit of democracy, not only its establishment in American soil, but to spread and extol its virtues around the world – defense of democracy against British colonialism, German fascism, Soviet-proxy communism, perhaps even against the racism and white supremacist tendencies of the Confederate states. As to the truth of the reference to the actual history, no one can deny the blood and sweat and lives which the American people sacrificed for our own democratic ideal. We have sent the best and brightest of our men and women into the different theaters of war in order that our way of life as a nation may be preserved, and contribute into the building of a democratic internationalism around the world, from the dismantling of fascism in the aftermath of World War II, to the discrediting and eventual collapsing of the Soviet Union in 1991. Had it not been for Normandy, together with other Allied powers including the Soviet Union fighting in both the Western and Eastern fronts, World War II would have all been lost under the might of the Third Reich. Had it not been for Concord and Lexington, American democracy as we know it might not have been ever established, where there exists co-equal three branches of government with check-and-balance powers, and individual freedoms such as the right to assembly and the right to petition government for redress of grievances might have never been codified. Had it not been for Vietnam, our people would never have known that not all wars are just and necessary, and some wars are in pursuit of an aggressive military agenda, serving no purpose save for being a proxy war with the Soviet Union. Had it not been for Gettysburg and the American Civil War, the struggle for the abolition of slavery may have waited a little longer, allowing perhaps the continuing treatment of African-Americans as mere chattel. Barack Obama’s use of these historic references serves to prove that his presidency is nothing short but historic, albeit a revolutionary administration that shall sweep the country off its feet, in the same manner as all these historic references had – in changing to the core the politics, economy, and culture of our country. In light of the deepening economic crisis we are facing today, it is true that Obama and the American people deserve nothing short but revolutionary changes in order for us to rise above the quagmire of recession. If Obama needs to sequester erring banks for mismanaging the funds of the people, he must do so to save the American economy. If he must further bail-out the different basic industries of the country such as the automotive industry in order for it to continue functioning as stable American brands, he must do so too. If he must leave the war in Iraq to concentrate on the real war in Afghanistan and the rising Al-Qaeda threat, he must be as resolute as the American soldiers who recovered the France town-after-town from the German Army. What is most important in his historical referencing to our own great wars and battles would be the role of the American people in all of these revolutionary changes, that he unflinchingly said, to wit – Time and again, these men and women struggled and sacrificed and worked till their hands were raw so that we might live a better life. They saw America as bigger than the sum of our individual ambitions; greater than all the differences of birth or wealth or faction. In his speech, he always glorified the necessary role of the American people in changing American society. It was not through leaders like him, nor policymakers and generals of old, do we win our wars and battles, but through the collective resolve and action of our people. It is the American people that create their history, not great men. Referencing Today’s Recession With the Great Depression April 2, 2009 The past few days, leaders of the different states from all parts of the globe attended the G20 Summit in London to discuss the ways and means by which the world may find itself out of the current global financial meltdown straddling economic growth not only in the industrialized world but is not affecting much of the developing countries as well. Barack Obama, in his speech reminded the world to cease involving itself with greater protectionism that only through believing in the glory of free-but-now regulated market can the world find itself out of the economic mess it finds itself in. He even mentioned the Great Depression, to wit – Now, just keep in mind some historical context. Faced with similar global challenges in the past, the world was slow to act, and people paid an enormous price. That was true in the Great Depression, when nations prolonged and worsened the crisis by turning inward, waiting for more than a decade to meet the challenge together. Even as recently as the 1980s, the slow global response deepened and widened a debt crisis in Latin America that pushed millions into poverty. What is most interesting for our purposes today is the constant referencing of today’s crisis to the American Great Depression of the 1930s, where millions of Americans lost their jobs, banks closed and severe internal migration among Americans ensued. The Great Depression of the 1930s is being used as a reference to describe the gravity of the economic recession faced by the country and the world today. The news is replete of its effects at present – massive retrenchments and lay-offs, the closure of factory and once mighty businesses, the foreclosure of homes, the inability of parents and students to pay college tuition, the closure of banks and the general absence of confidence in our markets. Scenes of the Great Depression are repeated again and again, with pictures of the infamous Great Crash of 1929 played and replayed in cable news channels juxtaposed with references to the current state of economic affairs. If the question is whether, there exists a one-to-one correspondence with regard to the gravity of the circumstances of both the Great Depression and today’s recession, we cannot say yet at the moment, as we still stand at a point of historical equipoise, due to the continuing crisis ravaging the American economy. However, the historic reference with regard to describing almost the same economic situation of today and the Great Depression is correct, as the latter was also a global economic downturn, and completely showed how far the free market can fall, and what its effects on the people may be. Like the Great Depression, the present crisis is broad-ranging in scope, as it affected not only the stockbrokers, bankers, hedge fund managers, among other financial professionals and investors, but it also damaged the American lower- and middle-classes whose houses were foreclosed and their education loans sapped, due to many factors, such as fund mismanagement by creditors, eventual unemployment, among others. Even the economic remedies being proposed at this moment, such as the financial bail-out and the general trend towards greater government spending and regulation are hallmarks of the Great Depression, with Keynesianism becoming a relevant economic theory once again, signaling a clear break from the mainstream neo-liberal economic thought that demanded less government intervention in the economy to keep the market free. The Keynesian idea was simple, and is alarmingly true even today when viewed with the current economic policies set by the Obama administration to keep people fully employed, governments have to run deficits when the economy is slowing because the private sector will not invest enough to increase production and reverse the recession. At this moment, the Obama administration has a trillion-dollar spending plan to pump-prime the economy at a time when markets are most reluctant to part with their investment money. As to whether this shall trigger an eventual reverse from the downtrend, we will know soon enough. The use of the Great Depression in the contemporary moment serves a dual purpose – to state concretely the dire situation the American people faces today and warn the nation from being drowned in complacency and disbelief, and to serve as a reminder that there is no crisis that the American people failed to withstand, that at the end of these dark nights of recession, a New Deal shall soon be implemented and with all our help, we shall overcome as we have had in the past. Images of past crises have been powerful enough to rouse the people into meaningful action – the spectre of Nazi and Soviet invasion in American soil threatening our way of life was enough to convince much of American men to enlist in the fight against fascism in World War II and in the Korean and Vietnam wars during the Cold War era. The images of internal human migration, hunger, unemployment, destitute citizens with no bread on the table through the Great Depression, in like manner, serve its clear political objective – inform the people of the reality of the economic situation, but nonetheless challenge them to become patriots and contribute to the building of the nation amid the ravages of the present recession. The State of the Union Address February 25, 2009 On the 25th of February 2009, a little over a month since being inaugurated as the 44th President of the United States of America, President Barack Obama addressed the nation, its Congress and unleashed his economic reform agenda to combat the deepening economic recession. In answer to the growing cynicism that government must keep its hands off the economy and retain the old neoliberal economic model, President Obama stated clearly that government has a role to play in ‘laying the foundations of our common prosperity. ’ In furthering his point, he turned to historic policies that shaped the country as we weathered from crisis-to-crisis, to wit – For history tells a different story. History reminds us that at every moment of economic upheaval and transformation, this nation has responded with bold action and big ideas. In the midst of civil war, we laid railroad tracks from one coast to another that spurred commerce and industry. From the turmoil of the Industrial Revolution came a system of public high schools that prepared our citizens for a new age. In the wake of war and depression, the GI Bill sent a generation to college and created the largest middle class in history. And a twilight struggle for freedom led to a nation of highways, an American on the moon, and an explosion of technology that still shapes our world. In this excerpt, President Obama makes several historical references to different socio-economic milestones in American society that were achieved despite political and economic difficulties. Obama posits that in the middle of the military offensives between Union and Confederate forces, the foundations of the modern American railroad system were laid. He states that from the American public school system was born from the push-and-pull of the Industrial Revolution. He asserts that the GI Bill was responsible for educating war veterans who were fresh from our victories in Europe and the Pacific. He also says that amid the Cold War with the Soviet Union, the nation was able to establish the Interstate Highway System, send Neil Armstrong and company to the moon, and facilitate a growth in science and technology. These historical references were used to again highlight the greatness and resilience of the American people amid crisis situations like the economic recession we face today, creating images of hope that we shall all overcome soon enough. The references were also used to add historic weight to his new economic agenda, which included the one-trillion dollar stimulus package, a pump-priming plan different from the seven-hundred billion dollar bail-out plan of the Bush administration. The historic milestones were used to buttress the point that his own economic agenda shall be a milestone in itself, given the chance and support of Congress and the American people. As a general statement on the integrity of the historic reference, these were well researched assertions, somewhat intimating a causal relationship between crises and economic milestones. It is a fact that it was during the civil war when Abraham Lincoln signed the Pacific Railway Act in 1862, a statute that authorized the creation of a transcontinental railway. It is true that due to the onslaught of the Cold War, (1) Dwight Eisenhower envisioned the creation of an Interstate Highway System to help in the deployment of supplies to military troop in the event of an invasion, (2) the space race prompted NASA to fast-track research on space travel, and soon after laid the stimulus for greater technology research. He was also correct in his assertion that the GI Bill indeed provided college and vocational education to returning war veterans, notwithstanding other benefits. Again, as in the previous entries with regard to the historical references of the Obama Presidency, President Obama uses these historic references to draw attention to his own making of history, as the President of the US amid a recession, in the mold of Lincoln, Eisenhower, Roosevelt. On the other hand, the historical references again serve as a reminder to the American people that amid the global economic recession – they shall overcome, that despite the foreclosure of homes, the retrenchment of jobs, and the closure of banks, historic reforms shall soon be in place to ensure that the economic milestones of decades past shall not be reversed fully and that our people may continue enjoying the fruits of our democratic ideals. The historical references also show that we only have to turn to our own past and history as a nation to determine that a decisive remedy for our economic woes shall soon be in sight. It appeals to the patriotic nature of a great number of our fellow Americans, where nativist tendencies continue to linger, particularly in America’s heartland areas. Moreover, President Obama’s historical references are consistent with his unrelenting call for collective action and unity amid the crisis, because none of those achievements would have been possibly without the labor and support of the people themselves. None of those were ever achieved by the single stroke of a President’s pen nor the policymaker’s brief, but was perfected by the sacrifices of men and women in American history. Obama on the Use of Nuclear Weapons Prague, Czech Republic April 5, 2009 On the fifth of April, 2009, fresh from the G20 Summit on the global economic crisis, President Barack Obama delivered a speech on his policy on nuclear weapons. He acknowledged the dangers posed by the production, proliferation and use of nuclear weapons, and has pledged to ensure that international law measures shall be put in place in pursuit of preventing its production, spread and use among states, and more importantly, illegal trading among terrorists in the black market of secrets and even excess warheads from former Soviet satellites. He proposed a strengthening of the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty, an escalation of a US-Russia bilateral treaty on the reduction of dangerous weapons, protective measures against proliferation of materials for the production of weapons-grade uranium, among many other proposals that have roused the Czech public into countless applause. On the other hand, he acknowledge the right of Iran for the peaceful use of nuclear energy, subject to strict inspections but warned the Islamic Republic from forcibly pursuing nuclear and ballistic weapons, as it would only further its isolation from the rest of the community of nations. In view of this policy context, President Obama referred back to the origins of the arms race between the US and the Soviet Union to show the unjustness of the very existence of these weapons, to wit – The existence of thousands of nuclear weapons is the most dangerous legacy of the Cold War. No nuclear war was fought between the United States and the Soviet Union, but generations lived with the knowledge that their world could be erased in a single flash of light. Cities like Prague that existed for centuries, that embodied the beauty and the talent of so much of humanity, would have ceased to exist. The historical reference here is the Cold War between the United States and the Soviet Union, which started in the aftermath of World War II, when the world was fiercely divided between the camps espousing capitalist democracy as represented by the Americans, and the socialist camp as led by the Soviet Union. While no bullets were ever shot during the entire course of the War from the late 40s to the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991, both states were engaged in proxy wars in different third world countries, such as Korea in the 1950s where the US sided with the South and the Soviets provided support to the North’s Kim Il Sung. More importantly, the entire period of the Cold War was also the venue for the arms and space race between the two great powers, in which both camps sought to produce the most powerful weapons and rockets, including those of the nuclear kind. In the course of the War, both camps produced an overwhelming array of nuclear weapons, in order to check on each other’s growing military might. The use of the historical reference was more to warn the world of the horrors of a prospective nuclear war, and that his government shall never be a party to such a war, notwithstanding taking concrete measures to ensure that the very fissile materials to be used in producing weapons-grade nuclear power shall never be placed in the wrong hands. Moreover, his references to the Cold War nuclear race were also done to buttress his position on the other uses of nuclear technology such as the production of electricity, which Iran, as a sovereign state, may fully do. President Obama was correct in his depiction of a nuclear war which may destroy entire cities and civilizations. Even prior to the nuclear proliferation of the Cold War, the world was already a witness to the horrors of Nagasaki and Hiroshima, when American bomber planes dropped atomic bombs over these entire cities and vaporized a majority of its population. The paranoia of the world and the American people on threat of nuclear war was so great that different states sought the ratification of the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty, to pressure nuclear-wielding states, either to abandon their nuclear program fully or decrease the number of stockpiled nuclear weapons. With regard to the meaning of the historical reference as per the contemporary moment, he posits that the Cold War proliferation of nuclear weapons is one of the most dangerous consequences of the then bipolar world, in which all efforts must be done towards the reversal of such a situation, whether through consented desistance of nuclear-powered states, or through the creation of tougher and more engaging multi-lateral treaties dealing with the subject of nuclear weapons. Its meaning today is no different from the dangers that lurked in the use nuclear weapons in decades past, and President Obama is fully concerned that nuclear energy must remain in the hands of only those states that would harness its benefits peacefully and never in pursuit of aggressive military, even terrorist, objectives. References: 1. ___________. (2009). Transcript: Obamas G20 Press Conference. CBS News. Retrieved April 2, 2009 from http://www. cbsnews. com/stories/2009/04/02/politics/100days/worldaffairs/main491 4735. shtml? source=RSSattr=Politics_4914735 2. Obama, B. (2009). Prague Speech on Nuclear Weapons. Huffington Post. Retrieved April 5, 2009 from http://www. huffingtonpost. com/2009/04/05/obama-prague-speech-on- nu_n_183219. html. 3. Obama, B. (2009). Obama Inaugural Address. The New York Times. Retrieved January 22, 2009 from http://www. nytimes. com/2009/01/20/us/politics/20text- obama. html? _r=1. 4. Obama, B. (2009). Remarks of President Barack Obama Address to Joint Session of Congress. The White House Briefing Room. Retrieved February 27, 2009 from http://www. whitehouse. gov/the_press_office/remarks-of-president-barack-obama- address-to-joint-session-of-congress/. 5.